Here is my version of Julia Child's French Bread. If you attempt it you really should refer
to the visuals in either "The Way to Cook" or "Mastering II." about forming the loaves. It's a very long description for an action that takes less than 30 seconds, but it is the key to success. The illustrations help.
FRENCH BREAD
from The Way to Cook by Julia Child
makes 2 18-inch batards.
⅓ cup warm (not over 115° F.) water, in a 2-cup measure
1 rounded tsp. (1 packet) dry yeast
⅛ tsp. sugar
1 cup cold water
1 lb. (3½ level cups) unbleached bread flour or unbleached all purpose flour
1 rounded Tbs. rye flour
1½ tsp. salt (or more to taste)
A food processor, preferably fitted with the plastic blade
THE DOUGH:
Add the yeast and sugar to the warm water and stir until dissolved. Let stand until foamy, 5-10 minutes.
Meanwhile, add the bread flour, rye flour and salt to the bowl of a food processor.
Add the cold water to the yeast mixture and, with the machine running, pour it into the flour mixture. Keep the machine running until the dough forms a rapidly rotating ball. This may require a dribble more water. Turn off the machine and let the dough rest for 4 minutes.
Process again, letting the dough rotate around the bowl about 30 times. Remove the dough from the processor and turn it out onto a floured surface. Let rest again for 2 minutes, and then knead 50 strokes by hand.
(The rest periods allow the flour to absorb the liquid so gluten will be formed. The short hand kneading is necessary to connect gluten strands that may have been torn by the machine.)
THE FIRST TWO RISES:
Place the dough in an unoiled bowl, cover with plastic wrap, and let rise at room temperature until 1½ times its original size, 45 minutes to an hour. Turn it out onto a floured surface again and pat out into a rectangle. Fold the rectangle in thirds, like a business letter. Pat out and fold again in thirds, then return the dough to the bowl and cover.
Let rise again, this time to 2½ times it’s original volume (about 10 cups if your bowl has measurements).
FORMING THE LOAVES:
Set a floured towel on a wooden board or an upside–down tray. Have a second floured towel ready.
Turn the dough out onto a floured surface, pat it out to deflate, and cut the dough in half. Fold each half over.
Pat one dough half into a rectangle. Fold the rectangle in half lengthwise, and seal the seam with the heel of your hand. Rotate the dough forward a quarter turn so the seam is on top and flatten again into a rectangle. With the side of your hand, press a trench, following the seam, then fold the dough in half again and press to seal. It will be somewhat resistant this time. These foldings form a gluten cloak on the outside of the loaf that will help the bread stand tall in the oven.
Rotate the dough so the seam is underneath, and then roll rapidly back and forth under your palms, going off the ends so they will be pointed. Repeat several times, extending the loaf as evenly as possible to the length you wish. Finish seam side up, and pinch the dough along the seam, to be sure it doesn’t burst open while rising.
Make a pleat in the towel to separate the two loaves, then lift the loaf , still seam side up, onto one side. Form the second loaf, lift it onto the towel, and cover with the second towel. Let rise again to 2½ times its volume, 1 to 1½ hours.
BAKING:
To create a hot baking surface, line a rack with quarry tiles, or use a large pizza stone. Place an iron skillet on the floor of the oven (or on a lower shelf if you oven is electric.) Have a ½ cup of water ready for steam.
Preheat the oven to 450° F for at least 20 minutes before you plan to bake.
Dust a baker’s peel or breadboard with cornmeal. Using the towels as an aid, carefully invert the loaves, one at a time, onto the peal, seam sides down. With a single-edge razor held almost parallel to the surface, made 3 quick, sure slashes about ½ inch deep in each loaf. These open up the gluten cloak and allow the bread to swell in the oven.
Quickly, open the oven and slide the loaves onto the hot baking surface, toss the water into the hot pan, close the oven door and set the timer for 20 minutes.
Open the oven after 20 minutes. The loaves should be brown and crusty. Insert an instant read thermometer into a central slash to take the bread’s interior temperature. It is done at 200°F In the bread is not up to temperature, turn the oven down to 400°F and bake for another 10 minutes to cook through. (If the loaves have not browned well after 20 minutes, do not reduce the temperature).
Let the bread cool on a rack. Resist the temptation to eat it while hot—the texture will be better once it has cooled. If not to be eaten soon, the bread can be refrigerated in a sealed plastic bag for several days, or frozen for several months. To freshen, place on a baking sheet in a 400°F oven for 5-10 minutes, until crust is crisp.